Japanese pied wagtail producing the thrust continuously by beating the wing parallel to the line of march quickly

�@If a wagtail flaps vertically the wing parallel to the line of march, the lift on the primaries will be canceled out over a cycle, but the thrust will be kept continuously and will double. Farther, the thrust will be increased much more, if the primaries feathers are separated and the cascade is constituted. On other hand, the lift on the secondaries with long wing chord and small vertical motion may be kept in almost constant. (Prod. Mar. 2003, full�]scale, No.1)

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